Camel is a camel or two ungulate species of the genus Camelus even-numbered (one single hump - Camelus dromedarius, one double humped - Camelus bactrianus) found living in dry and desert regions in Asia and North Africa. The average life expectancy of a camel is 30 to 50 years.
Camel domestication by humans has been started since about 5000 years ago. Utilization of the camel among others, to take milk (which has a higher nutritional value than cow's milk) and meat, and also used as work animals.
Adaptation ability of Camel Ecology
As is known, camels living in the desert with a range of air temperatures that could kill the majority of living things. In addition, they are able to not eat or drink for several days.
There are many things that make them able to adapt. One of them is hump. Many people think punuknya save water, but it is not. Camel's hump stores fat, a special, which at one time can be converted into water with the help of oxygen respiration results. One gram of fat that is on the camel's hump can be converted into one gram of water.
Another adaptation is remarkable, respiration system left so little trace of water vapor. water vapor out of the lungs reabsorbed by the body through special cells located in the inner nose, forming crystals and a moment can be taken.
Camel's body can survive until the temperature of 41 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the camels began to sweat. Evaporation of sweat that occurs only in the skin, not the hair. With an efficient way of cooling it, the camel could save enough water.
Camels can survive with a mass loss of about 20% -25% during sweating. The majority of living things can only last until the mass loss of about 3% -4% before heart failure occurs due to blood thickens. Although the camel lost a lot of body fluids, blood stay hydrated, to the limit of 25% is reached.
There are many things why the blood does not coagulate camel on the condition in which the blood of the majority of living things has thickened. Camel red blood cells are oval, not round like other living creatures. Camels also have an immune system quite unique. All mammals have a Y-shaped antibodies with two long chains along the Y with two short chains at each end of the Y, but the camel has only two long chains that make the shape smaller, thereby reducing the possibility of blood to coagulate.
Kidneys and intestines they are very efficient in filtering water. They form very thick urine and feces are dry so they can directly burn when issued.