tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45402964852542360552024-02-08T11:13:19.146+07:00Animals In The Worldkoplakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13691561859351147415noreply@blogger.comBlogger432125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-28946931871045995672014-09-11T06:52:00.000+07:002015-02-09T08:29:18.085+07:00Species Eurasian Tree Sparrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg138uEEgeyBSWNCAhe9PB4O9oE0l67GAI2tnURYVUF3RZTaG4b5sBmJeg6dqRNT1UUApur0nPde8RAiaY43vsSMHvRadK1PhkPCg0ixQsoR4pzpd7PEktiahEpz2M2sFDlT1vanpfOmhs/s1600/Eurasian+Tree+Sparrow.png" height="297" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Eurasian Tree Sparrow</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is a passerine bird in the sparrow family with a rich chestnut crown and nape, and a black patch on each pure white cheek. The sexes are similarly plumaged, and young birds are a duller version of the adult. This sparrow breeds over most of temperate Eurasia and Southeast Asia, where it is known as the tree sparrow, and it has been introduced elsewhere including the United States, where it is known as the Eurasian tree sparrow or German sparrow to differentiate it from the native unrelated American tree sparrow. Although several subspecies are recognised, the appearance of this bird varies little across its extensive range.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The Eurasian tree sparrow's untidy nest is built in a natural cavity, a hole in a building or the large nest of a European magpie or white stork. The typical clutch is five or six eggs which hatch in under two weeks. This sparrow feeds mainly on seeds, but invertebrates are also consumed, particularly during the breeding season. As with other small birds, infection by parasites and diseases, and predation by birds of prey take their toll, and the typical life span is about two years.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Eurasian tree sparrow is widespread in the towns and cities of eastern Asia, but in Europe it is a bird of lightly wooded open countryside, with the house sparrow breeding in the more urban areas. The Eurasian tree sparrow's extensive range and large population ensure that it is not endangered globally, but there have been large declines in western European populations, in part due to changes in farming practices involving increased use of herbicides and loss of winter stubble fields. In eastern Asia and western Australia, this species is sometimes viewed as a pest, although it is also widely celebrated in oriental art.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Eurasian tree sparrow is 12.5–14 cm (5–5½ in) long, with a wingspan of about 21 cm (8.25 in) and a weight of 24 g (0.86 oz), making it roughly 10% smaller than the house sparrow.[4] The adult's crown and nape are rich chestnut, and there is a kidney-shaped black ear patch on each pure white cheek; the chin, throat, and the area between the bill and throat are black. The upperparts are light brown, streaked with black, and the brown wings have two distinct narrow white bars. The legs are pale brown, and the bill is lead-blue in summer, becoming almost black in winter. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">This sparrow is distinctive even within its genus in that it has no plumage differences between the sexes; the juvenile also resembles the adult, although the colours tend to be duller. Its contrasting face pattern makes this species easily identifiable in all plumages; the smaller size and brown, not grey, crown are additional differences from the male house sparrow. Adult and juvenile Eurasian tree sparrows undergo a slow complete moult in the autumn, and show an increase in body mass despite a reduction in stored fat. The change in mass is due to an increase in blood volume to support active feather growth, and a generally higher water content in the body.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-85280849154965750422014-09-11T06:44:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:31:41.098+07:00Species Sudan Golden Sparrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinNFXZbuGmTzNHoCv-J_406dYt3hQSm8sT_K4voEFrjv7yQJ9hulDqlmPig13DISewcO04MrThLzoNXddIP_ny5hQxXEU_Cp2pN90y90zypr_zb3ByJ26c0tFcIJxJemMBUluBtYIBJxw/s1600/Sudan+Golden+Sparrow.png" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Sudan Golden Sparrow</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Sudan golden sparrow (Passer luteus) is a small bird in the sparrow family, found to the south of the Sahara Desert in Africa. It is a popular cage bird, and in aviculture it is known as the golden song sparrow. The Arabian golden sparrow and this species are sometimes considered one species, the golden sparrow.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The Sudan golden sparrow is a smaller sparrow, at 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) in length, with a wingspan of 5.7–7 cm (2.2–2.8 in). Males are distinctive in their bright yellow head and underparts, deep chestnut brown wings and back, and two white wingbars. In the breeding season the male's plumage is brighter still, and the bill changes colour from horn to shiny black. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Females are pale sandy-buff with yellowish face, light brown wings, a back faintly streaked with chestnut, and pale yellow fading to whitish on the underparts. Juveniles are similar to females, but greyer. About 10 weeks after hatching young males may start to get a yellow wash around the shoulder area. Its basic call is a chirp or tchirrup, similar to that of other sparrows. Variations include a song-like call, and a rapid rhythmic che-che-che. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The two golden sparrows are very similar, and have often been treated as the same species. Both are similar to the chestnut sparrow, and all three may once have been only clinally different. The male Arabian golden sparrow is almost entirely gold-coloured, the male chestnut sparrow is mostly chestnut, and the male Sudan golden sparrow is intermediate.[6] British ornithologist Richard Meinertzhagen considered even the chestnut sparrow to be conspecific, though the range of the Sudan golden sparrow overlaps with that of the chestnut sparrow without any known interbreeding in a small area of Darfur</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The golden sparrows and chestnut sparrow have been seen as highly primitive among the genus Passer, only distantly related to the house sparrow and the related "Palaearctic black-bibbed sparrows". In recognition of this they are sometimes placed in a separate genus or subgenus Auripasser, or a superspecies. The courtship display of the Dead Sea sparrow was thought to have evolved separately in a similar environment from that of these species, in an example of convergent evolution. However, studies of sparrow mitochondrial DNA indicate that these species are either derived from or are the closest relatives of the Palaearctic black-bibbed sparrows.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-42818015623931116112014-09-11T06:36:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:37:33.720+07:00Species Yellow Throated Sparrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjyhQncwRRwqvh9Yn5UCJse9HTQ7hsd1wfADZNJJyQtX_4fwTDwMkmZWg4z5ApTZ8J0zbMOIhwWEqtHmUl9Kl7Ktmk_A3Em1kKXf4-NIukMCRNA43MQ_JmIDwEqOOwqxPN7K9uRdIqIxI/s1600/Yellow+Throated+Sparrow.png" height="320" width="249" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Yellow Throated Sparrow</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The yellow-throated sparrow or chestnut-shouldered petronia (Petronia xanthocollis) is a species of sparrow found in Asia.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">This species is tree-loving although sometimes seen on wires and on the ground, where it has a hopping gait. The usual call is a chirrup but the song is distinctive and repetitive chilp chalp cholp. It has a bounding flight and dips deeply before rising up.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">It has a finer bill than typical sparrows of the genus Passer and unlike them has no streaks on the plumage. The white double wing bar on the shoulder is diagnostic on the otherwise dull grey-brown sparrow. Males have a chestnut shoulder patch which can sometimes be hard to see. They also have a pale yellow spot on the throat in fresh plumage. Females are duller and lack the chestnut shoulder patch. The yellow spot is much reduced or lacking in females.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The species breeds in tree hollows from April to July, often making use of the holes made by primary hole-nesting birds such as barbets and woodpeckers. They may also make use of hollows on buildings. The nest is built mainly by the female, but males may sometimes assist. The female alone incubates the eggs, sometimes leaving the nest during the hotter parts of the day. The eggs hatch after about 12 to 14 days. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">They roost communally in low bushes. Some populations are migratory, moving in response to rains. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">They feed mainly on grains but also on insects, nectar and berries. An unusual food item is the petals of flowers such as those of Madhuca indica. When they visit flowers such as those of Capparis, Salmalia, Erythrina and Bassia, their foreheads are covered with pollen.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-42086628377860127162014-09-11T06:29:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:39:33.039+07:00Species Afghan Snowfinch<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OIbRiQEOqH3VjkaFPRlLZv6_V9bB1tc9gjb5oPcS6fYsvstIb4HNwcDd0TJBrOdhNIi9DPkDWNueIw_cGX_7cm35HyFOvR2h6N65doytnGtbkPPqLp_CEESqPEozP3mKQg1uVl_gwFM/s1600/Afghan+Snowfinch.png" height="258" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Afghan Snowfinch</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Afghan snowfinch (Montifringilla theresae) is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, endemic to the northern parts of the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan. There are a number of alternate common names for this species: it has been known as Theresa's, Meinertzhagen's, or the Afghan ground-sparrow, ground-finch, or snowfinch. There are no major threats to the species despite its restricted range, so it is assessed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. This species is mostly a seed-eater, supplementing its diet with some insects. It builds its nest in the burrows or hollows of ground-dwelling rodents, lined with hair or feathers.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">It is 13.5–15 centimetres (5.3–5.9 in) long, weighing 23–35 grams (0.81–1.23 oz). The wingspan ranges from 8.5–9.9 cm (3.3–3.9 in), and bills measure from 1.3–1.5 cm (0.51–0.59 in). Females are slightly smaller on average than males.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The only similar species that occur in the Afghan snowfinch's range are the white-winged snowfinch and the desert finch. It can be distinguished from the former by the smaller white patches on the wings and an overall more brownish plumage. While it is similar in general appearance to the latter species, the Afghan snowfinch is more streaked, has stronger facial markings, and has a smaller bill, among other differences.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">This species was discovered relatively late, by Richard Meinertzhagen on a 1937 expedition with Salim Ali. Meinertzhagen formally described the species in Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club paper later that year, and gave it the binomial name Montifringilla theresae. He reported that he collected the type specimen of the species in the Shibar Pass, between Bamyan and Kabul. The name he gave the species was after his cousin and companion, Theresa Clay, an expert on bird lice. While Meinertzhagen described several dozen species and subspecies (including others named after Clay), he was later found to have stolen specimens and falsified records, and this may be the only verifiably genuine taxon he described.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Afghan snowfinch is the only species of bird known to be endemic to Afghanistan. It is found only in some northern parts of the Hindu Kush mountains, where it occurs at elevations of 2,575–3,000 m (8,450–9,840 ft). Besides the Shibar Pass, it is known from Deh Sabz and Unai Pass, and a few other localities between 67° and 69° E in the northerly ranges of the Hindu Kush. This species disperses in the winter especially after heavy snowfalls, and moves slightly beyond its breeding range, into lower altitudes and northwards into Badghis Province. It has been recorded on occasion as a vagrant in southern Turkmenistan. Its habitats are stony mountain slopes, plateaux, and open hillsides in the passes. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-53367172494496054922014-09-11T06:24:00.000+07:002015-02-09T08:40:48.284+07:00Species Dead Sea Sparrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw1fS94Tq7dIw5vfyGtpwFFXd9Civ1OvHVds6lr_2v9W3daQssgTpBD4JMvgFRuRqfa1N6GEL8Tq2y07B_SjzBlAQoiT3RULHstmu0P9GA00hvvaygSK_d45Yq94VHRBtuKJK7Tug_3Qo/s1600/Dead+Sea+Sparrow.png" height="219" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Dead Sea Sparrow</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Dead Sea sparrow (Passer moabiticus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, with one subspecies breeding in parts of the Middle East and another in western Afghanistan and eastern Iran. The eastern subspecies P. m. yatii is sometimes considered a separate species Yate's sparrow.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The male Dead Sea sparrow has a grey crown, rear neck and cheeks, and a small black bib. It has a pale supercilium shading to buff at the rear, and yellow neck sides. The upperparts are dark-streaked reddish brown, and the underparts are grey-white.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The female is like a small house sparrow, with a streaked brown back, greyish head and buff-white underparts. She is paler and smaller billed than the house sparrow, and sometimes shows yellow on the neck sides.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The eastern race P. m. yatii is sandier, and the male has a yellow wash to the underparts.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The chirping song resembles those of house and Spanish sparrows, but is softer. The flight call is a high-pitched chi-wit. This species is often silent.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">As its name suggests, is a breeding bird around the River Jordan, Dead Sea, and into Iraq, Iran and western Afghanistan. Breeding recorded in Cyprus in the 1980s but it may be extinct there now. This species is migratory or dispersive away from its breeding season. The eastern subspecies wintering in western Pakistan, but the regular wintering grounds of the western subspecies are largely unknown. Flocks of the nominate western race have been found in winter further south in the Middle East.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-17398556454388096282014-09-11T06:20:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:42:36.005+07:00Species Cinnamon Ibon<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFJgWcDgEDBrpPRtwxz5T0dieO5GDH1842qRq4mbwUNpFzTJ1W9I6rHOH71x51hGerAUdjUdAkrpTH3v1W-Vn1M7ZrJihVd0FFFHKSSGXOq-Uk4iGUk2O4vxRFDE2NOzTPrMjnR4RQk2Q/s1600/Cinnamon+Ibon.png" height="234" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cinnamon Ibon</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The cinnamon ibon (Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus) is a species of bird endemic to the mountains of Mindanao in the Philippines. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Monotypic within the genus Hypocryptadius, it is classified as a sparrow after being tentatively placed in the white-eye family Zosteropidae. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forests and mossy forests above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It has a skull and bill similar to that of the sparrows, and following a study of its mitochondrial and nuclear DNA as well as skeletal evidence, Jon Fjeldså and colleagues placed the species as the most basal member of that family and a distinct subfamily. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-34344962440966628482014-09-11T06:15:00.002+07:002015-02-09T08:44:31.292+07:00Species Saxaul Sparrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz3ndZf2NlAqYQ1nwhCHCZDIWrHIMnk66XT1mLoUamRvq5KFDSw6U7UuCZRSv0Xka8ASxanVTLvJKnmmJ4kE3T_Xnl2Zy99sh0UT5J4IabMuc5PoYfjrErF2uu4lfoCn0Vk5R0R76djdE/s1600/Saxaul+Sparrow.jpg" height="294" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Saxaul Sparrow</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The saxaul sparrow (Passer ammodendri) is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in parts of Central Asia. At 14–16 centimetres (5.5–6.3 in) and 25–32 grams (0.88–1.13 oz), it is among the larger sparrows. Both sexes have plumage ranging from dull grey to sandy brown, and pale brown legs. Females have less boldly coloured plumage and bills, lacking the pattern of black stripes on the male's head. The head markings of both sexes make the saxaul sparrow distinctive, and unlikely to be confused with any other bird. Vocalisations include a comparatively soft and musical chirping call, a song, and a flight call.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Three subspecies are recognised, differing in the overall tone of their plumage and in the head striping of the female. The subspecies ammodendri occurs in the west of the saxaul sparrow's range, while stoliczkae and nigricans occur in the east. This distribution falls into six probably disjunct areas across Central Asia, from central Turkmenistan to northern Gansu in China. A bird of deserts, the saxaul sparrow favours areas with shrubs such as the saxaul, near rivers and oases. Though it has lost parts of its range to habitat destruction caused by agriculture, it is not seriously threatened by human activities.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Little is known of the saxaul sparrow's behaviour. Often hidden in foliage, it forages in trees and on the ground. It feeds mostly on seeds, as well as insects while breeding and as a nestling. When not breeding it forms wandering flocks, but it is less social than other sparrows while breeding, often nesting in isolated pairs. Nests are round bundles of dry plant material lined with soft materials such as feathers. They are built in holes in tree cavities, earth banks, rocky slopes, and within man-made structures or the nests of birds of prey. Two clutches of five or six eggs are typically laid in a season. Both parents construct the nest and care for their eggs and young.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The saxaul sparrow is one of the larger sparrows at 14–16 centimetres (5.5–6.3 in) and 25–32 grams (0.88–1.13 oz). Wing length varies from 7.1 to 8.1 centimetres (2.8 to 3.2 in), with males generally being larger. The tail is short at 6.3–6.95 centimetres (2.48–2.74 in). The saxaul sparrow's legs are pale or pinkish brown, with a tarsus length of 1.95 inches (50 mm). Its bill is 1.0–1.3 centimetres (0.39–0.51 in) long, pale grey on the juvenile, pale yellowish with a black tip on the breeding female, and black on the breeding male. Like all other sparrows, it flies swiftly and often at height. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The female is similar in some ways to the male, but paler and duller. It is sandy grey or brown, with a back patterned like that of the male, and white or whitish underparts. The head of the females of the subspecies ammodendri and nigricans is dingy grey with darker smudges on the forehead, behind its eyes, and on its throat.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The female of the subspecies stoliczkae is buff-brown with a white throat, a conspicuous pale supercilium, darker forehead, and lighter cheeks.[3] The juvenile is similar to the female, differing in its lack of dark tinges on its throat and crown.[3] In adults, moulting begins in July and ends in late August or early September. The post-juvenile moult is complete, and occurs variously from June to August. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The saxaul sparrow was first described by English zoologist John Gould in a March 1872 instalment of The Birds of Asia, from a specimen collected near Kyzylorda, now in southern Kazakhstan, by Russian naturalist Nikolai Severtzov. ] Severtzov had been planning to describe the species as Passer ammodendri for several years and had been distributing specimens among other naturalists. When natural history dealer Charles Dode escaped from the Paris Commune in 1871 with some of his collection, Gould obtained specimens from a set of rare birds Dode exhibited to the Zoological Society of London. Severtzov did not describe the species until 1873, and some later writers preferred to attribute him, but Gould's description takes priority over Severtzov's.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The saxaul sparrow's species name refers to its desert habitat, coming from the name of the Ammodendron or sand acacia tree, which is in turn derived from the Ancient Greek άμμος (ammos, "sand") and δένδρον (dendron, "tree"). The English name saxaul sparrow refers to the saxaul plant, with which it is closely associated. The saxaul sparrow usually is classified in the genus Passer with the house sparrow and around twenty other species, although a genus Ammopasser was created for the saxaul sparrow by Nikolai Zarudny in 1890. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-17420015743814816372014-09-11T06:09:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:47:50.598+07:00Species House Sparrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip5FhrMMoVFThksUlkfwvon2gsddhoOe9xvAA0gIcVw3wyQxle0oZvtG-hZv4DygjLD9yDk2vh2rUQjh-96vYGZUGb_EoSp5ElO_eMAduPxrnPMlfokxhjrjvUo_Pe7PcZp21aFnSuQDk/s1600/House+Sparrow.png" height="217" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>House Sparrow</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The sparrows are a family of small passerine birds, Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, or Old World sparrows, names also used for a genus of the family Passer. They are distinct from both the American sparrows, in the family Emberizidae, and from a few other birds sharing their name, such as the Java sparrow of the family Estrildidae. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Many species nest on buildings, and the house and Eurasian tree sparrows in particular inhabit cities in large numbers, so sparrows may be the most familiar of all wild birds. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects. Some species scavenge for food around cities and, like gulls or rock doves, will happily eat virtually anything in small quantities.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Generally, sparrows are small, plump, brown-grey birds with short tails and stubby, powerful beaks. The differences between sparrow species can be subtle. Members of this family range in size from the chestnut sparrow (Passer eminibey), at 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in) and 13.4 grams (0.47 oz), to the parrot-billed sparrow (Passer gongonensis), at 18 centimetres (7.1 in) and 42 grams (1.5 oz). Sparrows are physically similar to other seed-eating birds, such as finches, but have a vestigial dorsal outer primary feather and an extra bone in the tongue. This bone, the preglossale, helps stiffen the tongue when holding seeds. Other adaptations towards eating seeds are specialised bills and elongated and specialised alimentary canals.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Under the classification used in the Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) main groupings of the sparrows are the true sparrows (genus Passer), the snowfinches (typically one genus, Montifringilla), and the rock sparrows (Petronia and the pale rockfinch). These groups are similar to each other, and are each fairly homogeneous, especially Passer.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Some classifications also include the sparrow-weavers (Plocepasser) and several other African genera (otherwise classified among the weavers, Ploceidae) which are morphologically similar to Passer. According to a study of molecular and skeletal evidence by Jon Fjeldså and colleagues, the cinnamon ibon of the Philippines, previously considered to be a white-eye, is a sister taxon to the sparrows as defined by the HBW. They therefore classify it as its own subfamily within Passeridae. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Many early classifications of the sparrows placed them as close relatives of the weavers among the various families of small seed-eating birds, based on the similarity of their breeding behaviour, bill structure, and moult, among other characters. Some, starting with P. P. Suskin in the 1920s, placed the sparrows in the weaver family as the subfamily Passerinae, and tied them to Plocepasser. Another family sparrows were classed with was the finches (Fringillidae).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Despite some resemblance such as the seed-eater's bill and frequently well-marked heads, American sparrows, or New World sparrows, are members of a different family, Emberizidae, which also includes the buntings. The hedge sparrow or dunnock (Prunella modularis) is similarly unrelated. It is a sparrow in name only, a relict of the old practice of calling more types of small birds "sparrows". A few further bird species are also called sparrows, such as the Java sparrow, an estrildid finch.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-58146768283187970502014-09-09T08:23:00.002+07:002015-02-09T08:49:47.207+07:00Species West Indian Whistling Ducks<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqlurTaddXPN2hnXqSl1d7IMtZLWdqv0WlgY63tOOmW3inqymhkyjlTR054s67GR2n5zSDaKbVT2DusfKpMtQ0RSqIjIbu-mO48yVwIvfQhVS9h0Ompmn6Lhh2lRueuJ8QNi3PaMIJrGM/s1600/West+Indian+Whistling+Ducks.png" height="270" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>West Indian Whistling Ducks</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The West Indian whistling duck (Dendrocygna arborea) is a whistling duck that breeds in the Caribbean. Alternative names are black-billed whistling duck and Cuban whistling duck.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The West Indian Whistling Duck is widely scattered throughout the West Indies, including a large breeding population in the Bahamas, and smaller numbers in Cuba, the Cayman Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and Jamaica. It is largely sedentary, apart from local movements, which can be 100 km or more. Nests have been reported in tree cavities, on branches, in clumps of bromeliads, and on the ground under thatch palms and other dense bushes. The usual clutch size is 10-16 eggs. It habitually perches in trees, which gives rise to its specific name.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The birds are mostly nocturnal and secretive, inhabiting wooded swamps and mangroves, where this duck roosts and feeds on plant food including the fruit of the Royal Palm.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The West Indian whistling duck is the largest (48–56 cm) and darkest of its genus. It has a long black bill, long head and longish legs. It has a pale foreneck and light brown face. The crown, back, breast and wings are dark brown to black, and the rest of the underparts are white with heavy black markings.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-68396453567622040142014-09-09T08:17:00.000+07:002015-02-09T08:52:33.262+07:00Species Spotted whistling-Duck<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvpx91VOUO3GAccljWbeHhCm7Yk-Llocb5zqHXMJF8FXsfx2iHKgTVKISzkHMVDIEeSBycRCyssvvPiDrBgwPYfqG0I715uBIezQ1EZqaV-TxkVuZWbtVdqZ_N0AnD26KIlVgJPnLk2E/s1600/Spotted+whistling-Duck.png" height="177" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Spotted whistling-Duck</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The spotted whistling duck (Dendrocygna guttata) is a member of the duck family Anatidae. Its range is the Philippines south through central Indonesia to New Guinea. It has recently colonised Australia, with a small population now resident at Weipa on the western coast of Cape York Peninsula.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-11222547898961855322014-09-09T08:11:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:54:37.037+07:00Species Plumed Whistling Duck<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiUeg4hyphenhyphenu9mGtu0uEm2lVSE5Dt52oQyoLoZfHMdIB9B_abAFhBHJLWtDmgo3gntX5u_r-kiWUH7hSbh_8-WVc29TnIRD7T5K2ko1JiivC94ygFrlitywUZV6iiH0-_B_oEGMMNfZX61s0/s1600/Plumed+Whistling+Duck.png" height="320" width="298" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Plumed Whistling Duck</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The plumed whistling duck (Dendrocygna eytoni), also called the grass whistle duck, is a whistling duck that breeds in New Guinea and Australia. It is a predominantly brown-coloured duck with a long neck and characteristic plumes arising from its flanks. The sexes are similar in appearance.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Described by English naturalist Thomas Campbell Eyton in 1838, its specific epithet honours its namer. Its generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek terms dendron "tree", and kuknos (via Latin cygnus) "swan". Alternate common names include; Eyton's plumed, red-legged or whistling tree-duck, and grey or red-legged whistler.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Measuring 42–60 cm (16.5–24 in) and weighing around a kilogram, it is a long-necked duck with brown upperparts, paler underparts and a white rump. The chest is chestnut with thin black bars, while long black-margined plumes arise from its flanks. Its bill and legs are pink, and its iris is yellow. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The male and female are similar in appearance. The species has a characteristic lowered neck and short, dark, rounded wings while flying.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Rather than diving for food in bodies of water like other ducks, the plumed whistling duck feeds by cropping grass on land.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The plumed whistling duck breeds during the wet season, generally in January to March, although it can be later in April or, in a few cases, May. One brood is raised per season. The nest is a mattress of grasses or similar material in tall grass, or in or near vegetation as cover. 10 to 12 oval eggs are laid, measuring 48 x 36 mm; 14 or more have been recorded on occasion. Initially shiny and creamy-coloured, they may become stained. The incubation period is around 30 days.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-19193273396180883702014-09-09T07:52:00.001+07:002015-02-09T08:56:10.486+07:00Species White-faced Whistling Duck<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3EjMVGEjdyeB0cGJt0Qf8BIE3rgQLQTYP4UCJ7XNqfT6fI8VixZG1OYwq7MLZn-uejfE5qvGont_3oK5Qb62WF6BN5Q_97cY4-XEckeQuC4VIERn09ZwWuMl8MfAs67KLl5DS7rr9q48/s1600/White-faced+Whistling+Duck.png" height="320" width="198" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>White-faced Whistling Duck</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata) is a whistling duck that breeds in sub-Saharan Africa and much of South America.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">This species is gregarious, and at favoured sites, the flocks of a thousand or more birds arriving at dawn are an impressive sight. As the name implies, these are noisy birds with a clear three-note whistling call.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The white-faced whistling duck has a peculiar disjunctive distribution, occurring in Africa and South America. It has been suggested that they may have been transported to new locations by humans. The habitat is still freshwater lakes or reservoirs, with plentiful vegetation, where this duck feeds on seeds and other plant food.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">This species has a long grey bill, long head and longish legs. It has a white face and crown, and black rear head. The back and wings are dark brown to black, and the underparts are black, although the flanks have fine white barring. The neck is chestnut. All plumages are similar, except that juveniles have a much less contrasted head pattern.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-40896298678971816932014-09-09T07:48:00.000+07:002015-02-09T08:58:22.759+07:00Species Whistling Duck<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0I1gm6wID0_3S4h_ixAU9Z4t6cWSaqwa8BHRZdTSevfcSpR1WXu-jt_pQ65XzFcAcVKecKmrZfN_glRWK8pHvnlwMY3vLzUiHIwp79SssFxF5AzMIefDbIOhZthx2l-oEM-R0y4F5cl4/s1600/Whistling+Duck.png" height="218" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Whistling Duck</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The whistling ducks or tree ducks are a subfamily, Dendrocygninae of the duck, goose and swan family of birds, Anatidae. They are not true ducks. In other taxonomic schemes, they are either considered a separate family Dendrocygnidae, or a tribe Dendrocygnini in the goose subfamily Anserinae. The subfamily has one genus, Dendrocygna, which contains eight living species, and one undescribed extinct species from Aitutaki of the Cook Islands.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The first whistling ducks were described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758: the black-bellied whistling duck (then Anas autumnalis) and the West Indian whistling duck (then Anas arborea). In 1837, William John Swainson named the genus Dendrocygna to distinguish whistling ducks from the other waterfowl. The type species was listed as the wandering whistling duck (D. arcuata), formerly named by Thomas Horsfield as Anas arcuata. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Whistling duck taxonomy, including that of the entire infraorder Anseriformes, is complicated and disputed. Under a traditional classification proposed by ornithologist Jean Théodore Delacour based on morphological and behavioral traits, whistling ducks belong to the tribe Dendrocygnini under the family family Anatidae and subfamily Anserinae. Following the revisions by ornithologist Paul Johnsgard, Dendrocygnini includes the genus Thalassornis (the White-backed Duck) under this system. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1997, Bradley C. Livezey proposed that Dendrocygna were a separate lineage from Anserinae, placing it and its tribe in its own subfamily, Dendrocygninae. Alternatively Charles Sibley and Jon Edward Ahlquist recommended placing Dendrocygna in its own family, Dendrocygnidae, which includes the genus Thalassornis. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-4878284366842326502014-09-09T07:41:00.002+07:002015-02-09T09:01:07.582+07:00Species Falconidae<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU_vvnHEkbvvPqRfvpEkhsrUpVyYP9jCEWZoOe5HcrdWKykLieeYoeEe9hq3pHooBPhW_5NxnftT0VRYkKCL29ijnTxqAv6RIbVtF_lXlzOyB8SM2epx2GIyNfiJId3TfGMXs-BEh_obY/s1600/Falconidae.png" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Falconidae</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The falcons and caracaras are around 60 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae. The family is divided into two subfamiles, Polyborinae, which includes the caracaras and forest falcons, and Falconinae, the falcons, kestrels and falconets. They differ from other Falconiformes in killing with their beaks instead of their feet. They have a "tooth" on the side of their beak for the purpose.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Falcons and caracaras are small to medium sized birds of prey, ranging in size from the black-thighed falconet, which can weight as little as 35 grams (1.2 oz), to the gyrfalcon, which can weigh as much as 1,735 grams (61.2 oz). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">They have strongly hooked bills, sharply curved talons and excellent eyesight. The plumage is usually composed of browns, whites, chestnut, black and grey, often with barring of patterning. There is little difference in the plumage of males and females, although a few species have some sexual dimorphism in boldness of plumage.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The family has a cosmopolitan distribution across the world, absent only from the densest forest of central Africa, some remote oceanic islands, the high Arctic and Antarctica. Some species have exceptionally wide ranges, particularly the cosmopolitan peregrine falcon, which ranges from Greenland to Fiji and has the widest natural breeding distribution of any bird. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Other species have more restricted distributions, particularly island endemics like the Mauritius kestrel. Most habitat types are occupied, from tundra to rainforest and deserts, although they are generally more birds of open country and even forest species tend to prefer broken forest and forest edges. Some species, mostly in the genus Falco, are fully migratory, with some species summering in Eurasia and wintering entirely in Africa, other species may be partly migratory. The Amur falcon has one of the longest migrations, moving from East Asia to southern Africa. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Falcons and caracaras are carnivores, feeding on birds, small mammals, reptiles, insects and carrion. In popular imagination the falconids are fast flying predators, and while this is true of the genus Falco and some falconets other species, particularly the caracaras are more sedentary in their feeding. The forest falcons of the Neotropics are generalist forest hunters. Several species, particularly the true falcons, will stash food supplies in caches.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">They are solitary hunters and pairs guard territories, although they may form large flocks during migration. Some species are specialists, the laughing falcon specialises in snakes, others are more generalist.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-73716559358899727162014-09-08T07:01:00.000+07:002015-02-09T09:02:07.937+07:00Species Bed bug<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWDfzg0xKswEIBtFXUWCLAMVEzpt93FqVbNJcHUa2t_youmAJvyn6BKQnZrFlDDYSDoS1ZdtXoLD2QLMgCo1qWQlaUTELKBbQnSYfb4ng-BOXF29zUbYwikkRXcidqs4owj3sf6frAzB8/s1600/Bed+bug.png" height="226" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Bed bug</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bed bugs, bed-bugs, or bedbugs are parasitic insects of the cimicid family that feed exclusively on blood. Cimex lectularius, the common bed bug, is the best known, as it prefers to feed on human blood. Other Cimex species specialize in other animals, e.g., bat bugs, Cimex pipistrelli (Europe), Cimex pilosellus (western US), and Cimex adjunctus (entire eastern US). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The name "bed bug" derives from the preferred habitat of Cimex lectularius: warm houses and especially nearby or inside of beds and bedding or other sleep areas. Bed bugs are mainly active at night, but are not exclusively nocturnal. They usually feed on their hosts without being noticed. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">A number of adverse health effects may result from bed bug bites, including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms. They are not known to transmit any pathogens as disease vectors. Certain signs and symptoms suggest the presence of bed bugs; finding the insects confirms the diagnosis.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bed bugs have been known as human parasites for thousands of years. At a point in the early 1940s, they were mostly eradicated in the developed world, but have increased in prevalence since 1995, likely due to pesticide resistance. Because infestation of human habitats has been on the increase, bed bug bites and related conditions have been on the rise as well.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bed bugs can cause a number of health effects, including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms. They can be infected by at least 28 human pathogens, but no study has clearly found that the insect can transmit the pathogen to a human being. Bed bug bites or cimicosis may lead to a range of skin manifestations from no visible effects to prominent blisters.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-48021435050158948702014-09-08T06:55:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:03:51.844+07:00Species Chicken Bantam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgow-MDYUXrElffnzw2CzT6BQ2XCBgoAHM7HNneSPEs56qs1f2YgR7qEmdpkr1frMFhJ72tfQNFN8EQ6jyXQ5_kbUcj4MPL_jrnmRoFlMZnlbw0TvZnLPbHa_kNulAjpomyzG_eBUxD9AY/s1600/Chicken+Bantam.png" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Chicken Bantam</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Chicken Bantam, first time was found by the merchants of Europe, about the year 1700an in the harbor on the island of Java called Bantam, or we know him better as Karesidenan Banten, or now the Province of Banten.</div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Because of its mini and cute, cock this type of much use as a cock decorated, not a chicken pedaging or petelur. From the first time discovered by the merchants of Europe in the year 1700an the chicken kate have a lot of experience persilangan, and the population of native chicken kate's own is very small.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">One of the persilangan last Serama Chickens in 1971 conducted by pebudidaya in Malaysia, and to be the race of chicken smallest in the world.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-20247265438721053282014-09-08T06:51:00.002+07:002015-02-09T09:05:25.677+07:00Species Turkey Bird <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtBLOH3tGvJ0n5nDSxQXsVyooJbTxm7aeD-Go1IdeOWtCVqP124Wa5mFDoOyhIJkQMAhz4dkcciGR2PLejmfe51SBeD8K5mJZp4xqjx6mNRKNgRR_zNdvYN-yPhzVoE7jo10rcv8PhXWM/s1600/Turkey.png" height="300" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Turkey Bird</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris, which is native to the Americas. One species, Meleagris gallopavo (commonly known as the wild turkey), is native to the forests of North America, mainly Mexico and the United States. The domestic turkey is a descendant of this species. The other living species is Meleagris ocellata or the ocellated turkey, native to the forests of the Yucatán Peninsula.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Males of both turkey species have a distinctive fleshy wattle or protuberance that hangs from the top of the beak (called a snood). They are among the largest birds in their ranges. As in many galliformes, the male is larger and much more colorful than the female.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Turkeys are classed in the family of Phasianidae (pheasants, partridges, francolins, junglefowl, grouse and relatives) in the taxonomic order of Galliformes. The genus Meleagris is the only genus in the subfamily Meleagridinae, formerly known as the family Meleagrididae but now subsumed within the family Phasianidae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">When Europeans first encountered turkeys in America, they incorrectly identified the birds as a type of guineafowl (Numididae). Guineafowl were also known as turkey fowl (or turkey hen and turkey cock) because they were imported to Central Europe through Turkey. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The name turkey fowl, shortened to just the name of the country, stuck as the name of the North American bird. In 1550, the English navigator William Strickland, who had introduced the turkey into England, was granted a coat of arms including a "turkey-cock in his pride proper"</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Several other birds that are sometimes called turkeys are not particularly closely related: the Australian brushturkey is a megapode, and the bird sometimes known as the "Australian turkey" is the Australian bustard, a gruiform. The anhinga (Anhinga rufa) is sometimes called a water turkey, from the shape of its tail when the feathers are fully spread for drying.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-60255475952375208602014-09-08T06:46:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:06:53.768+07:00Species Aphid<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5TRYtt9yj-GxOE1SwcTMXFQDXm0-2RaZFxaj-7C00p0dmMBz5E74f1-Ates2A2ysqKlt0Xus4EaZyfID69K2WeJqNI_BLNzlNGlbmFDDeP7uDCnEu3fVd-Trd7Qe1SLm_DrA-wyh9SM/s1600/Aphid.png" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Aphid</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Aphids, also known as plant lice and in Britain and the Commonwealth as greenflies, blackflies or whiteflies, (not to be confused with "jumping plant lice" or true whiteflies) are small sap-sucking insects, and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Aphids are among the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions. The damage they do to plants has made them enemies of farmers and gardeners the world over, though from a zoological standpoint they are a highly successful group of organisms. Their success is due in part to the asexual reproductive capabilities of some species.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">About 4,400 species are known, all included in the family Aphididae. Around 250 species are serious pests for agriculture and forestry as well as an annoyance for gardeners. They vary in length from 1 to 10 millimetres (0.04 to 0.39 in).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Natural enemies include predatory ladybirds, hoverfly larvae, parasitic wasps, aphid midge larvae, crab spiders, lacewings and entomopathogenic fungi like Lecanicillium lecanii and the Entomophthorales.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Aphids are distributed worldwide, but are most common in temperate zones. In contrast to many taxa, aphid species diversity is much lower in the tropics than in the temperate zones. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">They can migrate great distances, mainly through passive dispersal by riding on winds. For example, the currant lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, is believed to have spread from New Zealand to Tasmania in this way. Aphids have also been spread by human transportation of infested plant materials.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-58774947072664024662014-09-08T06:42:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:08:14.410+07:00Species Straw-headed bulbul<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCZbHxXQWq4AgfBjmJx76JcAF0OELXdZS5ZDlUHm_dVGvqWCw8jDCsRiiN1PKvduCeoIY7L8OsDLCUBMY7zn3ZpWudo1jcwifsn704eDNgODlok-aanjBLHW_v6_odngNW80jIvqBxVtE/s1600/Straw-headed+bulbul.png" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Straw-headed bulbul</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The straw-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) is a species of songbird in the Pycnonotidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand and Singapore. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, arable land, plantations, and rural gardens. It is threatened by habitat loss and poaching.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bird size-is, length of the total body (measured from tip of beak until the end of the tail) of about 28 cm.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The crown (side your head) and cover the ears coloured orange - or yellow-pale straw; racing malar on the side of the chin and the reins crossed eyes black. Back olive brown bercoret in white, the wings and tail kehijauan or green brown-olive. Chin and throat white or keputihan; neck and chest gray bercoret white; abdomen grey, and the ass yellow.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Iris eye color rosy, black beak, and legs dark chocolate.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Like his name, cucak the swamp used to be found in paya-paya and swamp around the river, or on the edge of the forest. Often hiding behind leaves and only hear the sound that's typical.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The sound heavier and harder than is generally cucak and merbah. A whistle clear, clear, rhythmic baku's voice. Often times sound bersahut-sahutan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">In nature, this bird preys on aneka insects, slugs of water, and a variety of fruit that is soft like a kind of-kind of beringin.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-88479543978483847302014-09-03T08:21:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:09:33.301+07:00Species Scotoplanes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2sJjqJW1Oaxl6i40Qd95IaA1A4wUpeAGm_FWOooAPtP3-OwUmY9l32QnslJDM_A8oDz6D1a1f4669hWe6vhLw3ivcVIStT5FNyQww8uLXeVaOz1maleQbFPyCahI0Fp6BF3HJPTfNJzE/s1600/Scotoplanes.png" height="183" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>scotoplanes</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Scotoplanes, commonly known as the sea pig, is a genus of deep-sea holothurian echinoderm of the family Elpidiidae, order Elasipodida.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Members of the Elpidiidae have particularly enlarged tube feet that have taken on a leg-like appearance, and are the only instance of legged locomotion amongst the holothurians, using water cavities within the skin (rather than within the leg itself) to inflate and deflate the appendages. These legs, in conjunction with their large, plump appearance (about 6 inches/15 cm long) have suggested the common name "sea pig". There are other genera of Elpidiidae with a similar appearance that have also been referred to as "sea pigs".</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Scotoplanes live on deep ocean bottoms, specifically on the abyssal plain in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean, typically at depths of over 1000 meters. Some related species can be found in the Antarctic. Scotoplanes (and all deep-sea holothurians) are deposit feeders, and obtain food by extracting organic particles from deep-sea mud. Scotoplanes globosa has been observed to demonstrate strong preferences for rich, organic food that has freshly fallen from the ocean's surface, and uses olfaction to locate preferred food sources such as whale corpses. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-83633799528750509632014-09-03T08:13:00.000+07:002015-02-09T09:11:08.118+07:00Species Saola<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjLOrv7kRg6TQIraL9JTdRctzGVNNIfG5Lr-Le6JrABeXPqmajqzdNL3v3cSBrk9_wlCufpb4ZVuVwrtZAo58QaIZjbOlENONQk1wRLq745Lwg-kK08Dp6LX_M91UiMQz3k-gylkS9l0U/s1600/Saola.png" height="289" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Saola</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Saola, Vu Quang ox or Asian biocorn, also, infrequently, Vu Quang bovid (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), is one of the world's rarest mammals, a forest-dwelling bovine found only in the Annamite Range of Vietnam and Laos. Cousin to cattle, goats, and antelopes, the species was defined following a discovery of remains in 1992 in Vũ Quang Nature Reserve by a joint survey of the Ministry of Forestry and the World Wide Fund for Nature.</div><a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The team found three skulls with unusual, long, straight horns kept in hunters' houses. In their article, the team proposed "a three month survey to observe the living animal", but more than 20 years later, still no sighting of a saola in the wild had been reported by a scientist. However, a living saola was photographed in the wild in September 2013 by a camera trap set by the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Vietnamese government’s Forest Protection Department. Van Ngoc Thinh, the WWF's Vietnam country director, said, "This is a breathtaking discovery and renews hope for the recovery of the species."</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">In late August 2010, a saola was captured by villagers in Laos, but died in captivity before government conservationists could arrange for it to be released back into the wild. The carcass is being studied with the hope that it will advance scientific understanding of the saola.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sometimes, these animals get caught in snares that have been set to catch animals such as wild boar, sambar, and muntjac deer that come to feed on the crops the farmers have planted. This has become a problem, especially with the illegal fur trade, for medicines, restaurants, and food markets. More than 26,651 snares have been removed from habitats where the saola has lived for years. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The saola inhabits the Annamite Range's moist forests and the eastern Indochina dry and monsoon forests. They have been spotted in steep river valleys at about 300 to 1800 m above sea level. These regions are distant from human settlements, and covered primarily in evergreen or mixed evergreen and deciduous woodlands. The species seems to prefer edge zones of the forests.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-51239171983305491772014-09-03T08:05:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:12:46.264+07:00Species Monito Del Monte<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijwibZXXYGtipZsFwzTANKimXLhToYwlcxY9qZaixItGtzXRKvBs3WBB7GdVOE5f9TexM74_NQhS3NsLJrtnAQilJxVMYrBkzj2nV7U4G-_0BEwy24wPiQQmfdzUfZ0XiTlZIPfM8QTKc/s1600/Monito+Del+Monte.png" height="187" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Monito Del Monte</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The monito del monte (Spanish for "little bush monkey"), Dromiciops gliroides, also called chumaihuén in Mapudungun, is a diminutive marsupial native only to southwestern South America (Chile and Argentina). It is the only extant species in the ancient order Microbiotheria, and the sole New World representative of the superorder Australidelphia (all other New World marsupials are members of Ameridelphia).</div><a name='more'></a> <br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The species is nocturnal and arboreal, and lives in thickets of South American mountain bamboo in the Valdivian temperate rain forests of the southern Andes, aided by its partially prehensile tail. It eats primarily insects and other small invertebrates, supplemented with fruit. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">It has long been suspected that South American marsupials were ancestral to those of Australia, consistent with the fact that the two continents were connected via Antarctica in the early Cenozoic. Australia’s earliest known marsupial is Djarthia, a primitive mouse-like animal that lived about 55 million years ago. Djarthia had been identified as the earliest known australidelphian, and this research suggested that the monito del monte was the last of a clade which included Djarthia.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">This implied that the ancestors of the Monito del Monte might have reached South America via a back-migration from Australia. The time of divergence between the Monito del Monte and Australian marsupials was estimated to have been 46 million years ago. However, in 2010, analysis of retrotransposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of a variety of marsupials, while confirming the placement of the Monito del Monte in Australidelphia, showed that its lineage is the most basal of that superorder.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The study also confirmed that the most basal of all marsupial orders are the other two South American lineages (Didelphimorphia and Paucituberculata, with the former probably branching first). This indicates that Australidelphia arose in South America (along with the ancestors of all other living marsupials), and probably reached Australia in a single dispersal event after Microbiotheria split off. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-68560576637584989922014-09-03T07:55:00.002+07:002015-02-09T09:14:11.559+07:00Ichthyophis kohtaoensis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg29Lx665ryqYcco3mzsQ00o7NpvbHqLvX8HGQ_XFkKGq4uOzcBTtXXg4H0hDaYkVYFE3ixn8CDv2TtbWoAQDH_hElia9WWZR1hy7m4gkEVevWCCFRY17HPDQH4Y1GtETUtcP5-rtUWuUc/s1600/Ichthyophis+kohtaoensis.png" height="162" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Ichthyophis kohtaoensis</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Koa Tao Island caecilian, Ichthyophis kohtaoensis, is a species of amphibian in the Ichthyophiidae family found in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forests, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-1393204057564056952014-04-07T08:54:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:15:42.270+07:00Species Spinifex hopping mouse<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqBoge8O-kkDxLeFQLIJomxrKaV0WWdkXR6eZbvmf3qOQGj-Zp0M2Kv8kYu__dAn_8LTk4RsXgm4KJjwVK8mFKrKVvnYj6A5mlm4uyJ4LkUM-3SCyq0eJbvXlp5TtTYJmQpBRGe8Pgk7g/s1600/Spinifex+hopping+mouse.jpg" height="209" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Spinifex hopping mouse</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis), also known as the tarkawara or tarrkawarra, occurs throughout the central and western Australian arid zones, occupying both spinifex-covered sand flats and stabilised sand dunes, and loamy mulga and melaleuca flats.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The population fluctuates greatly: in normal years it is sparsely distributed and probably confined to sandy country; after rain the population explodes and spreads to other types of habitat for a time.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The appearance is very similar to the northern hopping mouse: a little larger than a common house mouse at 95 to 115 mm (3.7 to 4.5 in) head-body length and an average weight of 35 g (1.2 oz). As with all hopping mice, the hind legs are greatly elongated, the fore limbs small, and the brush-tipped tail very long—about 140 mm (5.5 in). The fur is chestnut or fawn above, pale below, with a grey wash about the muzzle and between the eye and ear, and longer, coarse black guard hairs on the back. The tail is sparsely furred and pink, darker above than below.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Spinifex hopping mice live in small family groups of up to 10 in (250 mm) deep, humid burrow systems. Typically, there is a large nest chamber lined with small sticks and other plant material about a metre below the surface, from which several vertical shafts lead upwards. Shaft entrances do not have spoil heaps.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Breeding can be at any time of year depending on conditions, with spring being favoured. Pregnancy usually takes 38–41 days but can be extended significantly if the mother is still suckling the previous brood. Litters of 3 or 4 are typical, 6 being the maximum. The young remain in the nest while the female forages; if they wander both male and female adults retrieve them. They reach sexual maturity in about two and a half months. A male spinifex hopping mouse tries to mate with as many partners as he can to satisfy his sexual hunger.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4540296485254236055.post-88685810053420910272014-04-07T08:50:00.001+07:002015-02-09T09:17:08.271+07:00Species Tiger Quoll<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGghGCfXRIHkxVBAPCLAGsxAJTAAwQcLJ4owPIzXJQJEMnMK0wTONSDdgh_OfsfL1q9xBDFcV3OTFHMCmqufZmRkY2luWEpSkDQW3oNiQRN9Kk3n-F3C8-emYtF0cpCb8fcbQcWTUSVcg/s1600/Tiger+Quoll.jpg" height="215" width="320" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Tiger Quoll</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), also known as the spotted-tail quoll, the spotted quoll, the spotted-tailed dasyure or (erroneously) the tiger cat, is a carnivorous marsupial of the quoll genus Dasyurus native to Australia. With males and females weighing around 3.5 and 1.8 kg, respectively, it is mainland Australia's largest, and the world's longest (the biggest is the Tasmanian devil) living carnivorous marsupial, and it is considered an apex predator. Two subspecies are recognised; the nominate is found in wet forests of southeastern Australia and Tasmania, and a northern subspecies, D. m. gracilis, is found in a small area of northern Queensland and is endangered.</div><a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The tiger quoll is the largest of the quolls. Males and females of D. m. maculatus weigh on average 3.5 and 1.8 kg, respectively, and males and females of D. m. gracilis weigh on average 1.60 and 1.15 kg, respectively. The next-largest species, the western quoll, weighs on average 1.31 kg for males and 0.89 kg for females. The tiger quoll has relatively short legs, but its tail is as long as its body and head combined. It has a thick head and neck and a slightly rounded and elongated snout. It has five toes on each foot, both front and hind, and the hind feet have well-developed halluces. Its long pink foot pads are ridged, an adaptation for its arboreal lifestyle.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">This makes up for the fact that its tail is prehensile. The tiger quoll has a reddish-brown pelage with white spots, and colourations do not change seasonally. It is the only quoll species with spots on its tail in addition to its body. Its fur and skin are covered in orange-brown-coloured oil. The underside is typically grayish or creamy white. The average length of D. m. maculatus is 930 mm for males and 811 mm for females, respectively. For D. m. gracilis, the average length of males and females, respectively, is 801 and 742 mm. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The tiger quoll is found in eastern Australia where more than 600 mm of rain fall per year. Historically, the quoll was present throughout southeastern Queensland, though eastern New South Wales, Victoria, southeastern South Australia, and Tasmania. European settlement has severely decimated and fragmented the quoll's mainland distribution. Tiger quolls are rare in southeastern Queensland and mainly restricted to national parks. In Victoria, quoll populations have declined by nearly 50%. The range decline was not as severe in New South Wales, but they are still rare. The quoll was probably never very numerous in South Australia. In Tasmania, the tiger quoll mostly frequents the northern and western areas where rains are seasonal. Tiger quolls were once native to Flinders and King Islands, but were extirpated since the 20th century, so are not present on Tasmanian offshore islands. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Tiger quolls are generally nocturnal and rest during the day in dens. However, juveniles and females with young in the den can be seen during the day and may leave their dens when it is light out. Quoll dens take the form of underground burrows, caves, rock crevices, tree hollows, hollow logs, or under houses or sheds. Quolls move by walking and bounding gaits. Trails are not particularly important for quoll, although they forage and scent mark along runways and roads. Tiger quolls may live in home ranges that range from 580-875 ha for males and 90-188 for females. Most resident quolls are female, although one population study, both males and females were found to be split between transients and residents. Males have overlapping home ranges, but each has its own core area of at least 128 ha. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The home ranges of females may overlap less. Quolls sometimes share dens during the breeding season. After copulation, females act aggressively towards males, especially when close to parturition. For the tiger quoll, olfactory and auditory signals are used more often than visual signals when communicating. Quolls greet each other with nose-to-nose sniffs, and males will sniff the backsides of females to check for estrus. Quolls also mark themselves with mouth and ear secretions. Some populations have communal latrines, while others do not. Rocky creek beds, cliff bases, and roads serve as locations for latrines. </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0